190-75 thousand years ago -
In Lake Binagadi, hydrocarbons rose to the surface from a depth of 900-1500 m
and collapsed. Archaeologists have unearthed the bones of ancient animals that
sank in the lake's crust in the 20th century.
BC VI millennium -
The oldest oil wells discovered by archaeologists in Azerbaijan
BC VI-IV centuries -
Absheron oil is transported to Media. This oil, which was sold to Asia Minor, was
called "mussel oil" by the Greeks. On the properties of oil Eratosthenes, Claudius
Ptolemy, Herodotus, Aristotle, Hecate Miletsky, Polybius, Diodorus of Sicily,
Strabo, Pomponius Mela, Cursius Ruth, Pliny, Claudius Ptolemy, Ammianus
Marcellin.
BC VI century -
the emergence of the first fire-worshiping rites. Acceptance of places of fire as
sacred places
BC VI-IV centuries -
oil is used:
1.lights,
2.in the burning arrows,
3 Against skin diseases of animals,
4 Like a ridge rubbed on the roofs of houses,
5 Wood as asphalt rubbed on the submarine parts of ships
BC VI century -
large-scale oil production and sales to various countries
IV century -
The Sassanid treatise "Ain-nameh" and the Byzantine author Vegesi's treatise "On
Military Affairs" give a theory of the application of oil in military work. Oil is
considered a strategic product of special importance. Oil is part of the "Greek fire",
one of the most terrible burning weapons of the Middle Ages. Secret oil depots are
being set up in large cities and castles. The first "firearms" fired by oil missiles are
invented. The fighters who used the oil shells wore special fire-resistant clothing
("libas en-neffatin").
VII century -
Albanian historian Moisey Kalankaytuklu mentions the existence of oil in Albania
in his History of Agvan.
VIII century -
As soon as Azerbaijan joined the Arab Caliphate, oil wells were listed and a
special tax was levied on them. In 733, the largest oil depots were built in Derbent
by the order of Maslama ibn al-Malik, the Caliph's successor in Azerbaijan. In 755,
with the help of oil, the great attack of the Caspians in Derbent was repulsed
IX-X centuries -
In 833, in Arabic sources, Baku is called "the oil coast of Shirvan". In 930, the
Arabic author Abu Ishaq al-Istakhri reported the extraction of white and black oil
around Baku. In 942, the Arab author Abu Dulaf was the first to give information
about the lease of oil wells: “I reached a place called Baku, which belongs to the
Shirvan provinces. There I saw an oil well with a daily rent of 1,000 dirhams. ”
The Arab author Abu al-Hasan al-Masudi writes: “There is a volcano in Bakux,
which is one of the sources of fire. At any time, it ignites and erupts. ” Special oil
shooters were organized in the troops of the Azerbaijani Salarian state
XI- XII centuries -
The famous scientist Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni wrote: "Baku produces kerosene." In
1131, the traveler Abu Hamid al-Qarnati wrote: “Bitumen and white and black oil
come out of that black soil; This place is located in Baku, Shirvan province. In
1175, the Shirvan navy used incendiary missiles against Russian ships that
attacked the Caspian Sea and won.
XIII - XIV centuries -
Venice traveler Marco Polo: "There is a lot of oil here - hundreds of ships can be
filled with that oil at once ... They come from far away countries to buy that oil."
Iranian geographer Hamdullah Qazvini: “The largest source of oil is in Baku.
Wells are being drilled here to extract oil. Mohammad Bekran, Yagut al-Hamawi
and Zakaria Qazvini also wrote about Baku oil. French missionary Jurden de
Severak: "They dig wells in a place called Baku and extract oil from these wells:
that oil is called oil."
XV century -
Azerbaijani traveler Abdurrashid al-Bakuvi: "Daily oil production is equal to 200
harvars." (1 harvar = 25 pounds = 400 kg). Venetian diplomat Iosofat Barbaro: “In
this part of the sea there is a city called Baka; next to it is a mountain of black oil. "
16th century -
French merchant C. Duke: “An incredible amount of oil comes out of the ground
here ... This oil is black and is called oil. It is transported all over the country by
mules and goats, there are 400-500 animals in such a caravan. There is also a white
and very valuable type of oil near Baku. In 1594, an oil well was drilled at a depth
of 35 m in Balakhani by master Allahyar Mammadali Nur oglu. The stone slab of
the well was discovered in the 20th century.
XVII century -
Ottoman traveler Evliya Chalabi: “There are about 500 wells around Baku
Fortress; white and black oil are extracted from them. Oil-producing people fall
into wells and extract oil day and night and fill it with goat skins. The oil comes in
eight colors, but is considered the best yellow oil. Iranian author Ahmad al-Razi:
"Black and white oil is extracted from 500 wells around Baku." German traveler
Adam Oleary: “Oil is a special oil and is extracted from permanent wells near
Baku and Mount Barmak. The boiling of the oil was well audible; The wells have a
strong smell. ” Venetian traveler Petro della Vale: "Black oil produced in Baku is
very profitable." German traveler E. Kempfer: “Oil wells in Surakhani are located
in a valley 500 meters wide and 100 steps long. The wells here were deep. The oil
was extracted from them by means of wheels or leather bundles. The wheel was
spinning by two people, and the work here was stopped only for one hour at night.
The extracted oil was collected in a pool 17 meters long and 7 steps wide. An arch
has been built over the pool.
XVIII century -
From a letter from Russian Tsar Peter I in 1723: "Baka is rich in excellent quality
oil." In 1728, the Russian official I. Gerber: "Until 1725, the income from oil was
more than 50,000 tomans." In 1728, there were 70 useful, 18 useless oil wells, 30
useful and 23 useless oil storages around Baku. They wrote about Baku oil: I.
Lerch, I. Hanvey, S. Gmelin, J. Forster, M. von Biberstein. To clean the oil from
groundwater, they began to connect the open storages to each other through canals.
The oil filtered from the warehouse was cleaned of water. The beginning of oil
refining by the "anbig" method purifies the oil and improves its quality. Such oil is
added to furniture varnishes, which led to the formation of the first alcohol-like
solution. 3 large oil depots were built near Icheri Sheher, 15 in Bibi-Heybat and
Bayil. There was a special caravanserai for oil traders in Bayil.
1803 -
For the first time in the world, Baku resident Gasimbey began to extract oil from
the sea: two wells were drilled in Bibi-Heybat, 18 and 30 meters from the coast.
1806 -
Russian troops occupying Baku have declared 116 oil wells state property.
Commanders of Russian troops in the Caucasus entrust oil wells to people they
trust, who did nothing to develop oil production
1825 -
The system of obligations in oil production has been abolished
1833 -
Oil masters Karbalai Yusif Amirbay oglu and Haji Nabi Safi oglu were awarded
silver medals "For hard work and effort" for drilling oil wells and discovering oil
in Cuba.
1837 -
The first experimental oil refinery was built by N. Voskoboynikov in Absheron
1846 -
For the first time in the world, a mechanically drilled well in Bibi-Heybat produced
oil. Wells drilled in this way were called "boreholes"
1850 -
An obligation system was introduced in oil production
-
The first oil refinery was built in Surakhani by V. Kokorev and P. Gubonin. The
plant, which produced 250,000 pounds (4,000 tons) of kerosene a year, produced
kerosene called photonaphthyl.
1861 -
Witte's oil refinery has opened on Pirallahi Island
1863 -
Javad Malikov's plant has started operating in Baku. The device he invented
produced 35-40% of the total volume of crude oil (in conventional plants this
figure was 8%).
1864 -
Baku's kerosene was exported to Russian markets.
Forced labor of Balakhani villagers in oil fields was prohibited
1871 -
Drilling of an oil well with a depth of 51 m in Balakhani (the depth of wells in the
world was 30-35 m)
1872 -
57 oil refineries in Baku processed 1,395,114 pounds (22,321 tons) of kerosene per
year. The number of oil wells in Absheron has reached 415 The oil lands of
Absheron were put up for sale
1872 -
The first railway cisterns in Russia were introduced in Baku
1873 -
Steam machines began to be used in oil rigs. The beginning of the creation of the
Black City, where oil companies are concentrated. First oil transportation in
tankers (via Baku-Astrakhan route)
1874
The world's first vertically-integrated joint-stock company, Baku Oil Company,
has been established
1873-1883 -
Oil production increased from 4 million pounds to 60 million pounds (from 64,000
tons to 960,000 tons)
1877 -
The world's first oil tanker, the Zoroastrian, was built and operated on the Baku-
Astrakhan route. In 1910, the ship-tanker "Zoroastrian" flew on the same route
1878 -
The Balakhani-Black City pipeline (10 km long and 76 mm in diameter), the first
oil pipeline of the Russian Empire, was built. For the first time in the world, tall
cylindrical oil tanks were built in Balakhani
1880 -
For the first time, the depth of oil wells was increased to 100-120 m
1890 -
Murtuza Mukhtarov's drilling company drilled an incredible 1,100 m deep at that
time
1895 -
Murtuza Mukh
tarov invented a new, more perfect method of oil extraction called
"Baku drilling system" and received a state patent
1897
Oil began to be extracted from the wells by compression
1897-1907 -
Construction of the Baku-Batumi oil pipeline of the Russian Empire. The 883 km
long pipeline connects the Caspian Sea with the Black Sea, facilitating the export
of Azerbaijani oil to world markets
1899 -
Equipment of Murtuza Mukhtarov's Drilling Equipment Plant (Bibi-Heybat)
started to be exported to foreign markets
Late 19th century -
The Nobel Brothers Oil Production Partnership created the first comprehensive oil
sales system of the Russian Empire (oil depots, sales centers, etc. with its own
trade logo).
1901 -
Baku produces 11.4 million tons of oil a year - 90% of all-Russian oil production
and 50% of world production. The first gas well was drilled in Surakhani. The
Russian Empire is the world's largest oil producer (11.6 million tons per year).
95% of this oil was extracted in Absheron
1904 -
Oil gushed from a 211-meter-deep well drilled in Surakhani
1905 -
For the first time in the world, a compressor is connected to oil wells in Balakhani
1911
For the first time, a cracking unit and a rotor drill are being used
1912-
The first reinforced concrete tank was built in Baku
1913
I. Gubkin, who conducted oil exploration in Absheron, laid the foundation of a
new science - oil geology with his works
1914
For the first time in the world, oil is extracted by gas lift (this method was
introduced in the United States in 1924).
1915
For the first time in Absheron, deep pumps were used in oil wells