Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu, Oghuz tribes in the 15th century, lived in Anatolia from the 13th century. The Qara Qoyunlus settled mostly in the north of Lake Van, Ercis, and the Aq Qoyunlus in Diyarbakir. They were also called Turkmen. They spoke the southern dialect of the Azerbaijani language. Gravestones belonging to the Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu tribes were made in the form of ram statues, which are considered totems. Such tombstones are widespread in all regions of Azerbaijan. The traces of Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu tribes are clearly felt in the epos "Dada Gorgud".
Qara Qoyunlu state (1410-1467). The Qara Qoyunlus fought against the Aq Qoyunlus, Jalairis and Teymurids from the 70s of the 14th century, and finally, under the leadership of Gara Yusif, they established the Qara Qoyunlu state of Azerbaijan. In the struggle against the Teymurids and Jalairis, Qara Yusuf managed to create a strong state with its capital in Tabriz. In addition to Azerbaijan, this country includes Eastern Anatolia, Eastern Georgia, Arab and Persian Iraq, etc. was included. The Qara Qoyunlu state became even stronger during the reign of Gara Yusif's son Jahanshah. Known in the history of Azerbaijan as a prominent statesman, diplomat, commander and poet, Jahanshah entered the history of Azerbaijani literature under the pseudonym "True". He was defeated by Hasan bey Bayandur Aq Qoyunlu and the Qara Qoyunlu state collapsed.
Aq Qoyunlu state (1468-1501). In the second half of the 15th century, Azerbaijan became part of the Aq Qoyunlu state (1467-1501), which had its capital in Tabriz, bordering the provinces of Iran and Asia Minor. The prominent ruler of this state was Uzun Hasan, a well-known statesman and politician of Azerbaijan. During his rule, Azerbaijan's political relations with European countries expanded significantly. For the first time, Azerbaijan entered the sphere of European and world politics, and its influence began to be reckoned with both in the East and in the West. Italy, Hungary, Austria, Poland, etc. The rulers of the states established diplomatic relations with Uzun Hasan. He entered into an alliance with the Safavids, the sheikhs of Shirvanshah Farrukh Yasar and Ardabil, and united them on the basis of common Azerbaijani interests.