The Qara Qoyunlus, who settled in the south of Lake Van, became strong in Erzincan, Sivas, and in the north-eastern lands of Eastern Anatolia in general in the 70s of the 14th century, and fought against the Aq Qoyunlus, Jalairis, and Teymurids. The founder of the Qara Qoyunlu dynasty was Bayram Khoja. His successor, Qara Mohammad, became related to Sultan Ahmadi in order to resolve the conflict with the Jalairi. This led to the capture of the western part of Azerbaijan, including Tabriz, by the Qara Qoyunlus.
The transformation of the Qara Qoyunlus into a great empire took place during the reign of Gara Yusif. In a fierce struggle against the Timurids and Jalairis, Gara Yusif managed to create a huge state from Azerbaijan, uniting Eastern Georgia, Arab Iraq and Ajam Iraq within its borders. Gara Yusif's son Gara Iskander restored the rule of Qara Qoyunlu in 1421 and entered the city after Sultan Shahrukh left Tabriz. In 1421, a battle between Alexander and Shahrukh's troops in the Alashkert Valley resulted in Alexander's defeat. However, after Shahrukh's return, all the lands he occupied were recaptured by Black Alexander. After Black Alexander, Jahan Shah came to power. Jahan Shah was one of the powerful rulers of Qara Qoyunlu. Qara Qoyunlu culture developed during his time.
Jahan Shah wrote poems in Azerbaijani Turkish and Persian under the pseudonym "Haqiqi". He made great conquests and expanded the territory of the Qara Qoyunlu empire. After the death of the emperor in 1467, Uzun Hasan, the ruler of Aq Qoyunlu, came to power, and thus the Qara Qoyunlu empire collapsed.
Thus, the rule of the Qara Qoyunlu dynasty in Azerbaijan ended and was replaced by the new Aq Qoyunlu dynasty of Azerbaijan.